Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) U.S. Casualty Status. Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. List the types of problems that military veterans often face. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. Second, the government states that defense outlays accounted for almost 20 percent of federal spending in 2011 (US Census Bureau, 2012). Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. Ashton, A. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. We both wound up suspended for that one (Ashton, 2011). problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. Resources, the environment, and conflict. This latter fact needs some explanation. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. AlterNet. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. Critics of the military budget argue that it is more accurate to cite its share of discretionary spending rather than its share of all federal spending (i.e., mandatory plus discretionary). The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. Causes of war. I think it partly reflects a better understanding of the problems that led to war. (2012, February 18). 1). Pinker, S. (2012). Bombs containing napalm made by Dow Chemical were routinely used by the US military and its South Vietnamese allies during the Vietnam War to defoliate the countryside and to attack various targets. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). This report concluded that the more money we spend on unneeded weapons programs, the more layoffs there will be of police officers, firefighters, teachers, and other workers whose jobs are funded directly or indirectly by federal spending.. Want to create or adapt books like this? Determining the Prevalence of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military. Chapter 1 / Exercise 3 Chapter 5: Sexual Orientation and Inequality, Chapter 15: Population and the Environment, Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars, http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm, http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg, Chapter 15 Population and the Environment, Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv, http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find, http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories, http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989, http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html, http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html, http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html, http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf, http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/, http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html, http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131, http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html, http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html, http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf, http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html, http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security, http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823, https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf, http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Families go through savings and older parents dip into retirement funds (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Human and human social systems are matter. Quality and affordable writing services. Time. Wheeler, W. T. (2009). A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. These weapons were never found, and critics charged that the White House had fabricated and exaggerated evidence of the weapons in order to win public and congressional support for the war (Danner, 2006). Speier, J. War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. Washington, DC: Author. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. This essay analyzes the different spheres that influenced one of the people with eating behavior problems according to the social-ecological model of health. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 267277. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). In making this very important decision, Europe has chosen butter over guns. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. (2012). Why. Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. Leitenberg, M. (2006). Impact of Social Issues in Education. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. New York, NY: New York Review of Books. Ledbetter, J. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. (2011). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . New York, NY: Routledge. "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project. and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. US veterans: By the numbers. Veterans of the Vietnam War came back to a nation that often did not greet them as heroes. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. The following are common examples of a social issue. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. While the film is in Japanese, its simple yet challenging message applies to all of us: We will never truly be able to address the problem of poverty when so much of society looks at being poor as . Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989. They suffer terrible physical and mental wounds that can maim them for life (Dao, 2012). Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. Their poverty forced many of these women to turn to prostitution to earn an income, resulting in a rise in prostitution after the war (Rafter, 1990). After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. 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